What You Need to Know About Autism

SHORTCUTS:

What is Autism?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a diverse range of neurodevelopmental differences that shape how individuals communicate, interact, and perceive their surroundings. It’s called a spectrum because its features vary widely from person to person. Some autistic individuals live fully independently, while others benefit from more support.

Children with ASD are typically diagnosed around age 5, though signs often appear by ages 2–3, and early intervention can make a significant impact.

A Spectrum of Strengths and Challenges

Every person with autism is unique. Some are highly verbal, others communicate nonverbally; some are exceptionally skilled in certain areas, while others face developmental challenges.

ASD is a lifelong difference. Support needs, communication styles, and daily functioning may evolve over time as individuals grow.

Core Features of Autism

Doctors look for two main characteristics when diagnosing ASD:

Differences in Social Communication & Interaction

Examples include difficulty with back-and-forth conversations, nonverbal cues, making friends, or adapting behavior to the social context.

Restricted and Repetitive Patterns of Behavior

This may involve repeated movements or speech (like stimming), strict routines, intense interests, or sensory sensitivities.

Severity is often grouped using levels 1–3 in the DSM-5, reflecting how much daily support an individual may need.